");r.document.write("");r.document.close();var s=r.document.body.firstChild;setTimeout(function(){var A=(r.outerHeight-r.innerHeight)||30,z=(r.outerWidth-r.innerWidth)||30,w,B;z=Math.max(100,Math.min(Math.floor(0.5*screen.width),s.offsetWidth+z+25));A=Math.max(40,Math.min(Math.floor(0.5*screen.height),s.offsetHeight+A+25));r.resizeTo(z,A);if(t&&t.screenX!=null){w=Math.max(0,Math.min(t.screenX-Math.floor(z/2),screen.width-z-20));B=Math.max(0,Math.min(t.screenY-Math.floor(A/2),screen.height-A-20));r.moveTo(w,B)}},50)}};a.Scale=function(){var s=b["HTML-CSS"],r=b.NativeMML,v=b.SVG;var u=(s||r||v||{config:{scale:100}}).config.scale;var t=prompt(o("ScaleMath","Scale all mathematics (compared to surrounding text) by"),u+"%");if(t){if(t.match(/^\s*\d+(\.\d*)?\s*%?\s*$/)){t=parseFloat(t);if(t){if(t!==u){if(s){s.config.scale=t}if(r){r.config.scale=t}if(v){v.config.scale=t}a.cookie.scale=t;a.saveCookie();c.Reprocess()}}else{alert(o("NonZeroScale","The scale should not be zero"))}}else{alert(o("PercentScale","The scale should be a percentage (e.g., 120%%)"))}}};a.Zoom=function(){if(!MathJax.Extension.MathZoom){k.Require("[MathJax]/extensions/MathZoom.js")}};a.Renderer=function(){var s=c.outputJax["jax/mml"];if(s[0]!==p.settings.renderer){var v=c.Browser,u,r=a.Renderer.Messages,t;switch(p.settings.renderer){case"NativeMML":if(!p.settings.warnedMML){if(v.isChrome&&v.version.substr(0,3)!=="24."){u=r.MML.WebKit}else{if(v.isSafari&&!v.versionAtLeast("5.0")){u=r.MML.WebKit}else{if(v.isMSIE){if(!v.hasMathPlayer){u=r.MML.MSIE}}else{u=r.MML[v]}}}t="warnedMML"}break;case"SVG":if(!p.settings.warnedSVG){if(v.isMSIE&&!e){u=r.SVG.MSIE}}break}if(u){u=o(u[0],u[1]);u+="\n\n";u+=o("SwitchAnyway","Switch the renderer anyway?\n\n(Press OK to switch, CANCEL to continue with the current renderer)");a.cookie.renderer=s[0].id;a.saveCookie();if(!confirm(u)){a.cookie.renderer=p.settings.renderer=g.Cookie.Get("menu").renderer;a.saveCookie();return}if(t){a.cookie.warned=p.settings.warned=true}a.cookie.renderer=p.settings.renderer;a.saveCookie()}c.Queue(["setRenderer",c,p.settings.renderer,"jax/mml"],["Rerender",c])}};a.Renderer.Messages={MML:{WebKit:["WebkitNativeMMLWarning","Your browser doesn't seem to support MathML natively, so switching to MathML output may cause the mathematics on the page to become unreadable."],MSIE:["MSIENativeMMLWarning","Internet Explorer requires the MathPlayer plugin in order to process MathML output."],Opera:["OperaNativeMMLWarning","Opera's support for MathML is limited, so switching to MathML output may cause some expressions to render poorly."],Safari:["SafariNativeMMLWarning","Your browser's native MathML does not implement all the features used by MathJax, so some expressions may not render properly."],Firefox:["FirefoxNativeMMLWarning","Your browser's native MathML does not implement all the features used by MathJax, so some expressions may not render properly."]},SVG:{MSIE:["MSIESVGWarning","SVG is not implemented in Internet Explorer prior to IE9 or when it is emulating IE8 or below. Switching to SVG output will cause the mathematics to not display properly."]}};a.Font=function(){var r=b["HTML-CSS"];if(!r){return}document.location.reload()};a.Locale=function(){MathJax.Localization.setLocale(p.settings.locale);MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Reprocess",MathJax.Hub])};a.LoadLocale=function(){var r=prompt(o("LoadURL","Load translation data from this URL:"));if(r){if(!r.match(/\.js$/)){alert(o("BadURL","The URL should be for a javascript file that defines MathJax translation data. Javascript file names should end with '.js'"))}k.Require(r,function(s){if(s!=k.STATUS.OK){alert(o("BadData","Failed to load translation data from %1",r))}})}};a.MPEvents=function(t){var s=p.settings.discoverable,r=a.MPEvents.Messages;if(!e){if(p.settings.mpMouse&&!confirm(o.apply(o,r.IE8warning))){delete a.cookie.mpContext;delete p.settings.mpContext;delete a.cookie.mpMouse;delete p.settings.mpMouse;a.saveCookie();return}p.settings.mpContext=p.settings.mpMouse;a.cookie.mpContext=a.cookie.mpMouse=p.settings.mpMouse;a.saveCookie();MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Rerender",MathJax.Hub])}else{if(!s&&t.name[1]==="Menu Events"&&p.settings.mpContext){alert(o.apply(o,r.IE9warning))}}};a.MPEvents.Messages={IE8warning:["IE8warning","This will disable the MathJax menu and zoom features, but you can Alt-Click on an expression to obtain the MathJax menu instead.\n\nReally change the MathPlayer settings?"],IE9warning:["IE9warning","The MathJax contextual menu will be disabled, but you can Alt-Click on an expression to obtain the MathJax menu instead."]};c.Browser.Select({MSIE:function(r){var s=(document.compatMode==="BackCompat");var t=r.versionAtLeast("8.0")&&document.documentMode>7;a.Augment({margin:20,msieBackgroundBug:(document.documentMode<9),msieFixedPositionBug:(s||!t),msieAboutBug:s});if(e){delete p.styles["#MathJax_About"].filter;delete p.styles[".MathJax_Menu"].filter}},Firefox:function(r){a.skipMouseover=r.isMobile&&r.versionAtLeast("6.0");a.skipMousedown=r.isMobile}});a.isMobile=c.Browser.isMobile;a.noContextMenu=c.Browser.noContextMenu;a.CreateLocaleMenu=function(){if(!a.menu){return}var w=a.menu.Find("Language").menu,t=w.items;var s=[],y=MathJax.Localization.strings;for(var x in y){if(y.hasOwnProperty(x)){s.push(x)}}s=s.sort();w.items=[];for(var u=0,r=s.length;u0&&this.Get("scriptlevel")>0&&f>=0){return""}return this.TEXSPACELENGTH[Math.abs(f)]},TEXSPACELENGTH:["",a.LENGTH.THINMATHSPACE,a.LENGTH.MEDIUMMATHSPACE,a.LENGTH.THICKMATHSPACE],TEXSPACE:[[0,-1,2,3,0,0,0,1],[-1,-1,0,3,0,0,0,1],[2,2,0,0,2,0,0,2],[3,3,0,0,3,0,0,3],[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,-1,2,3,0,0,0,1],[1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1],[1,-1,2,3,1,0,1,1]],autoDefault:function(d){return""},isSpacelike:function(){return false},isEmbellished:function(){return false},Core:function(){return this},CoreMO:function(){return this},hasNewline:function(){if(this.isEmbellished()){return this.CoreMO().hasNewline()}if(this.isToken||this.linebreakContainer){return false}for(var e=0,d=this.data.length;e=55296&&d.charCodeAt(0)<56320)?a.VARIANT.ITALIC:a.VARIANT.NORMAL)}return""},setTeXclass:function(e){this.getPrevClass(e);var d=this.data.join("");if(d.length>1&&d.match(/^[a-z][a-z0-9]*$/i)&&this.texClass===a.TEXCLASS.ORD){this.texClass=a.TEXCLASS.OP;this.autoOP=true}return this}});a.mn=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mn",isToken:true,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD,defaults:{mathvariant:a.INHERIT,mathsize:a.INHERIT,mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT}});a.mo=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mo",isToken:true,defaults:{mathvariant:a.INHERIT,mathsize:a.INHERIT,mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,form:a.AUTO,fence:a.AUTO,separator:a.AUTO,lspace:a.AUTO,rspace:a.AUTO,stretchy:a.AUTO,symmetric:a.AUTO,maxsize:a.AUTO,minsize:a.AUTO,largeop:a.AUTO,movablelimits:a.AUTO,accent:a.AUTO,linebreak:a.LINEBREAK.AUTO,lineleading:a.INHERIT,linebreakstyle:a.AUTO,linebreakmultchar:a.INHERIT,indentalign:a.INHERIT,indentshift:a.INHERIT,indenttarget:a.INHERIT,indentalignfirst:a.INHERIT,indentshiftfirst:a.INHERIT,indentalignlast:a.INHERIT,indentshiftlast:a.INHERIT,texClass:a.AUTO},defaultDef:{form:a.FORM.INFIX,fence:false,separator:false,lspace:a.LENGTH.THICKMATHSPACE,rspace:a.LENGTH.THICKMATHSPACE,stretchy:false,symmetric:true,maxsize:a.SIZE.INFINITY,minsize:"0em",largeop:false,movablelimits:false,accent:false,linebreak:a.LINEBREAK.AUTO,lineleading:"1ex",linebreakstyle:"before",indentalign:a.INDENTALIGN.AUTO,indentshift:"0",indenttarget:"",indentalignfirst:a.INDENTALIGN.INDENTALIGN,indentshiftfirst:a.INDENTSHIFT.INDENTSHIFT,indentalignlast:a.INDENTALIGN.INDENTALIGN,indentshiftlast:a.INDENTSHIFT.INDENTSHIFT,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.REL},SPACE_ATTR:{lspace:1,rspace:2,form:4},useMMLspacing:7,autoDefault:function(f,l){var k=this.def;if(!k){if(f==="form"){this.useMMLspacing&=~this.SPACE_ATTR.form;return this.getForm()}var j=this.data.join("");var e=[this.Get("form"),a.FORM.INFIX,a.FORM.POSTFIX,a.FORM.PREFIX];for(var g=0,d=e.length;g=55296&&j<56320){j=(((j-55296)<<10)+(h.charCodeAt(1)-56320))+65536}for(var f=0,d=this.RANGES.length;f=0;d--){if(this.data[0]&&!this.data[d].isSpacelike()){return this.data[d]}}return null},Core:function(){if(!(this.isEmbellished())||typeof(this.core)==="undefined"){return this}return this.data[this.core]},CoreMO:function(){if(!(this.isEmbellished())||typeof(this.core)==="undefined"){return this}return this.data[this.core].CoreMO()},toString:function(){if(this.inferred){return"["+this.data.join(",")+"]"}return this.SUPER(arguments).toString.call(this)},setTeXclass:function(f){for(var e=0,d=this.data.length;e0){d++}return d},adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){if(d==this.den){return true}return this.Get("texprimestyle")},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setSeparateTeXclasses});a.msqrt=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"msqrt",inferRow:true,linebreakContainer:true,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD,setTeXclass:a.mbase.setSeparateTeXclasses,adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){return true}});a.mroot=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mroot",linebreakContainer:true,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD,adjustChild_displaystyle:function(d){if(d===1){return false}return this.Get("displaystyle")},adjustChild_scriptlevel:function(e){var d=this.Get("scriptlevel");if(e===1){d+=2}return d},adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){if(d===0){return true}return this.Get("texprimestyle")},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setSeparateTeXclasses});a.mstyle=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mstyle",isSpacelike:a.mbase.childrenSpacelike,isEmbellished:a.mbase.childEmbellished,Core:a.mbase.childCore,CoreMO:a.mbase.childCoreMO,inferRow:true,defaults:{scriptlevel:a.INHERIT,displaystyle:a.INHERIT,scriptsizemultiplier:Math.sqrt(1/2),scriptminsize:"8pt",mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,infixlinebreakstyle:a.LINEBREAKSTYLE.BEFORE,decimalseparator:"."},adjustChild_scriptlevel:function(f){var e=this.scriptlevel;if(e==null){e=this.Get("scriptlevel")}else{if(String(e).match(/^ *[-+]/)){delete this.scriptlevel;var d=this.Get("scriptlevel");this.scriptlevel=e;e=d+parseInt(e)}}return e},inheritFromMe:true,noInherit:{mpadded:{width:true,height:true,depth:true,lspace:true,voffset:true},mtable:{width:true,height:true,depth:true,align:true}},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setChildTeXclass});a.merror=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"merror",inferRow:true,linebreakContainer:true,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD});a.mpadded=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mpadded",inferRow:true,isSpacelike:a.mbase.childrenSpacelike,isEmbellished:a.mbase.childEmbellished,Core:a.mbase.childCore,CoreMO:a.mbase.childCoreMO,defaults:{mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,width:"",height:"",depth:"",lspace:0,voffset:0},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setChildTeXclass});a.mphantom=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mphantom",texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD,inferRow:true,isSpacelike:a.mbase.childrenSpacelike,isEmbellished:a.mbase.childEmbellished,Core:a.mbase.childCore,CoreMO:a.mbase.childCoreMO,setTeXclass:a.mbase.setChildTeXclass});a.mfenced=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mfenced",defaults:{mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,open:"(",close:")",separators:","},texClass:a.TEXCLASS.OPEN,setTeXclass:function(g){this.getPrevClass(g);var e=this.getValues("open","close","separators");e.open=e.open.replace(/[ \t\n\r]/g,"");e.close=e.close.replace(/[ \t\n\r]/g,"");e.separators=e.separators.replace(/[ \t\n\r]/g,"");if(e.open!==""){this.SetData("open",a.mo(e.open).With({stretchy:true,texClass:a.TEXCLASS.OPEN}));g=this.data.open.setTeXclass(g)}if(e.separators!==""){while(e.separators.length0){return false}return this.Get("displaystyle")},adjustChild_scriptlevel:function(e){var d=this.Get("scriptlevel");if(e>0){d++}return d},adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){if(d===this.sub){return true}return this.Get("texprimestyle")},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setBaseTeXclasses});a.msub=a.msubsup.Subclass({type:"msub"});a.msup=a.msubsup.Subclass({type:"msup",sub:2,sup:1});a.mmultiscripts=a.msubsup.Subclass({type:"mmultiscripts",adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){if(d%2===1){return true}return this.Get("texprimestyle")}});a.mprescripts=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mprescripts"});a.none=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"none"});a.munderover=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"munderover",base:0,under:1,over:2,sub:1,sup:2,ACCENTS:["","accentunder","accent"],linebreakContainer:true,isEmbellished:a.mbase.childEmbellished,Core:a.mbase.childCore,CoreMO:a.mbase.childCoreMO,defaults:{mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,accent:a.AUTO,accentunder:a.AUTO,align:a.ALIGN.CENTER,texClass:a.AUTO,subscriptshift:"",superscriptshift:""},autoDefault:function(d){if(d==="texClass"){return(this.isEmbellished()?this.CoreMO().Get(d):a.TEXCLASS.ORD)}if(d==="accent"&&this.data[this.over]){return this.data[this.over].CoreMO().Get("accent")}if(d==="accentunder"&&this.data[this.under]){return this.data[this.under].CoreMO().Get("accent")}return false},adjustChild_displaystyle:function(d){if(d>0){return false}return this.Get("displaystyle")},adjustChild_scriptlevel:function(f){var e=this.Get("scriptlevel");var d=(this.data[this.base]&&!this.Get("displaystyle")&&this.data[this.base].CoreMO().Get("movablelimits"));if(f==this.under&&(d||!this.Get("accentunder"))){e++}if(f==this.over&&(d||!this.Get("accent"))){e++}return e},adjustChild_texprimestyle:function(d){if(d===this.base&&this.data[this.over]){return true}return this.Get("texprimestyle")},setTeXclass:a.mbase.setBaseTeXclasses});a.munder=a.munderover.Subclass({type:"munder"});a.mover=a.munderover.Subclass({type:"mover",over:1,under:2,sup:1,sub:2,ACCENTS:["","accent","accentunder"]});a.mtable=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"mtable",defaults:{mathbackground:a.INHERIT,mathcolor:a.INHERIT,align:a.ALIGN.AXIS,rowalign:a.ALIGN.BASELINE,columnalign:a.ALIGN.CENTER,groupalign:"{left}",alignmentscope:true,columnwidth:a.WIDTH.AUTO,width:a.WIDTH.AUTO,rowspacing:"1ex",columnspacing:".8em",rowlines:a.LINES.NONE,columnlines:a.LINES.NONE,frame:a.LINES.NONE,framespacing:"0.4em 0.5ex",equalrows:false,equalcolumns:false,displaystyle:false,side:a.SIDE.RIGHT,minlabelspacing:"0.8em",texClass:a.TEXCLASS.ORD,useHeight:1},inheritFromMe:true,noInherit:{mover:{align:true},munder:{align:true},munderover:{align:true},mtable:{align:true,rowalign:true,columnalign:true,groupalign:true,alignmentscope:true,columnwidth:true,width:true,rowspacing:true,columnspacing:true,rowlines:true,columnlines:true,frame:true,framespacing:true,equalrows:true,equalcolumns:true,side:true,minlabelspacing:true,texClass:true,useHeight:1}},linebreakContainer:true,Append:function(){for(var e=0,d=arguments.length;e>10)+55296)+String.fromCharCode((d&1023)+56320)}});a.xml=a.mbase.Subclass({type:"xml",Init:function(){this.div=document.createElement("div");return this.SUPER(arguments).Init.apply(this,arguments)},Append:function(){for(var e=0,d=arguments.length;e":c.REL,"?":[1,1,b.CLOSE],"\\":c.ORD,"^":c.ORD11,_:c.ORD11,"|":[2,2,b.ORD,{fence:true,stretchy:true,symmetric:true}],"#":c.ORD,"$":c.ORD,"\u002E":[0,3,b.PUNCT,{separator:true}],"\u02B9":c.ORD,"\u0300":c.ACCENT,"\u0301":c.ACCENT,"\u0303":c.WIDEACCENT,"\u0304":c.ACCENT,"\u0306":c.ACCENT,"\u0307":c.ACCENT,"\u0308":c.ACCENT,"\u030C":c.ACCENT,"\u0332":c.WIDEACCENT,"\u0338":c.REL4,"\u2015":[0,0,b.ORD,{stretchy:true}],"\u2017":[0,0,b.ORD,{stretchy:true}],"\u2020":c.BIN3,"\u2021":c.BIN3,"\u20D7":c.ACCENT,"\u2111":c.ORD,"\u2113":c.ORD,"\u2118":c.ORD,"\u211C":c.ORD,"\u2205":c.ORD,"\u221E":c.ORD,"\u2305":c.BIN3,"\u2306":c.BIN3,"\u2322":c.REL4,"\u2323":c.REL4,"\u2329":c.OPEN,"\u232A":c.CLOSE,"\u23AA":c.ORD,"\u23AF":[0,0,b.ORD,{stretchy:true}],"\u23B0":c.OPEN,"\u23B1":c.CLOSE,"\u2500":c.ORD,"\u25EF":c.BIN3,"\u2660":c.ORD,"\u2661":c.ORD,"\u2662":c.ORD,"\u2663":c.ORD,"\u3008":c.OPEN,"\u3009":c.CLOSE,"\uFE37":c.WIDEACCENT,"\uFE38":c.WIDEACCENT}}},{OPTYPES:c});a.mo.prototype.OPTABLE.infix["^"]=c.WIDEREL;a.mo.prototype.OPTABLE.infix._=c.WIDEREL})(MathJax.ElementJax.mml);MathJax.ElementJax.mml.loadComplete("jax.js");
MathJax.Hub.Register.LoadHook("[MathJax]/jax/element/mml/jax.js",function(){var b="2.2";var a=MathJax.ElementJax.mml;SETTINGS=MathJax.Hub.config.menuSettings;a.mbase.Augment({toMathML:function(k){var g=(this.inferred&&this.parent.inferRow);if(k==null){k=""}var e=this.type,d=this.toMathMLattributes();if(e==="mspace"){return k+"<"+e+d+" />"}var j=[];var h=(this.isToken?"":k+(g?"":" "));for(var f=0,c=this.data.length;f")}}}if(this.isToken){return k+"<"+e+d+">"+j.join("")+""}if(g){return j.join("\n")}if(j.length===0||(j.length===1&&j[0]==="")){return k+"<"+e+d+" />"}return k+"<"+e+d+">\n"+j.join("\n")+"\n"+k+""},toMathMLattributes:function(){var j=[],g=this.defaults;var c=(this.attrNames||a.copyAttributeNames),l=a.skipAttributes;if(this.type==="math"&&(!this.attr||!this.attr.xmlns)){j.push('xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"')}if(!this.attrNames){if(this.type==="mstyle"){g=a.math.prototype.defaults}for(var d in g){if(!l[d]&&g.hasOwnProperty(d)){var e=(d==="open"||d==="close");if(this[d]!=null&&(e||this[d]!==g[d])){var k=this[d];delete this[d];if(e||this.Get(d)!==k){j.push(d+'="'+this.toMathMLattribute(k)+'"')}this[d]=k}}}}for(var h=0,f=c.length;h126){f[g]="&#x"+k.toString(16).toUpperCase()+";"}else{var j={"&":"&","<":"<",">":">",'"':"""}[f[g]];if(j){f[g]=j}}}else{if(g+1\n"+g.join("\n")+"\n"+h+""}});a.munderover.Augment({toMathML:function(h){var e=this.type;if(this.data[this.under]==null){e="mover"}if(this.data[this.over]==null){e="munder"}var d=this.toMathMLattributes();delete this.data[0].inferred;var g=[];for(var f=0,c=this.data.length;f\n"+g.join("\n")+"\n"+h+""}});a.TeXAtom.Augment({toMathML:function(d){var c=this.toMathMLattributes();if(!c&&this.data[0].data.length===1){return d.substr(2)+this.data[0].toMathML(d)}return d+"\n"+this.data[0].toMathML(d+" ")+"\n"+d+""}});a.chars.Augment({toMathML:function(c){return(c||"")+this.toMathMLquote(this.toString())}});a.entity.Augment({toMathML:function(c){return(c||"")+"&"+this.data[0]+";"}});a.xml.Augment({toMathML:function(c){return(c||"")+this.toString()}});MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("TeX mathchoice Ready",function(){a.TeXmathchoice.Augment({toMathML:function(c){return this.Core().toMathML(c)}})});MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.Post("toMathML Ready")});MathJax.Ajax.loadComplete("[MathJax]/extensions/toMathML.js");
(function(ag){var k;var aa=MathJax.Object.Subclass({firstChild:null,lastChild:null,Init:function(){this.childNodes=[]},appendChild:function(i){if(i.parent){i.parent.removeChild(i)}if(this.lastChild){this.lastChild.nextSibling=i}if(!this.firstChild){this.firstChild=i}this.childNodes.push(i);i.parent=this;this.lastChild=i;return i},removeChild:function(ak){for(var aj=0,ai=this.childNodes.length;aj=ai-1){this.lastChild=al}this.childNodes[ak]=al;al.nextSibling=aj.nextSibling;aj.nextSibling=aj.parent=null;return aj},toString:function(){return"{"+this.childNodes.join("")+"}"}});var E=function(){k=MathJax.ElementJax.mml;var i=k.mbase.prototype.Init;k.mbase.Augment({firstChild:null,lastChild:null,nodeValue:"",nextSibling:null,Init:function(){var ai=i.apply(this,arguments)||this;ai.childNodes=ai.data;ai.nodeName=ai.type;return ai},appendChild:function(al){if(al.parent){al.parent.removeChild(al)}var aj=arguments;if(al.isa(aa)){aj=al.childNodes;al.data=al.childNodes=[];al.firstChild=al.lastChild=null}for(var ak=0,ai=aj.length;ak=ai-1){this.lastChild=al}this.SetData(ak,al);al.nextSibling=aj.nextSibling;this.nodeValue="";for(ak=0,ai=this.childNodes.length;ak=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2265",tex:"ge",ttype:d},{input:"geq",tag:"mo",output:"\u2265",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"-<",tag:"mo",output:"\u227A",tex:"prec",ttype:d},{input:"-lt",tag:"mo",output:"\u227A",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:">-",tag:"mo",output:"\u227B",tex:"succ",ttype:d},{input:"in",tag:"mo",output:"\u2208",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"!in",tag:"mo",output:"\u2209",tex:"notin",ttype:d},{input:"sub",tag:"mo",output:"\u2282",tex:"subset",ttype:d},{input:"sup",tag:"mo",output:"\u2283",tex:"supset",ttype:d},{input:"sube",tag:"mo",output:"\u2286",tex:"subseteq",ttype:d},{input:"supe",tag:"mo",output:"\u2287",tex:"supseteq",ttype:d},{input:"-=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2261",tex:"equiv",ttype:d},{input:"~=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2245",tex:"cong",ttype:d},{input:"~~",tag:"mo",output:"\u2248",tex:"approx",ttype:d},{input:"prop",tag:"mo",output:"\u221D",tex:"propto",ttype:d},{input:"and",tag:"mtext",output:"and",tex:null,ttype:a},{input:"or",tag:"mtext",output:"or",tex:null,ttype:a},{input:"not",tag:"mo",output:"\u00AC",tex:"neg",ttype:d},{input:"=>",tag:"mo",output:"\u21D2",tex:"implies",ttype:d},{input:"if",tag:"mo",output:"if",tex:null,ttype:a},{input:"<=>",tag:"mo",output:"\u21D4",tex:"iff",ttype:d},{input:"AA",tag:"mo",output:"\u2200",tex:"forall",ttype:d},{input:"EE",tag:"mo",output:"\u2203",tex:"exists",ttype:d},{input:"_|_",tag:"mo",output:"\u22A5",tex:"bot",ttype:d},{input:"TT",tag:"mo",output:"\u22A4",tex:"top",ttype:d},{input:"|--",tag:"mo",output:"\u22A2",tex:"vdash",ttype:d},{input:"|==",tag:"mo",output:"\u22A8",tex:"models",ttype:d},{input:"(",tag:"mo",output:"(",tex:null,ttype:b},{input:")",tag:"mo",output:")",tex:null,ttype:l},{input:"[",tag:"mo",output:"[",tex:null,ttype:b},{input:"]",tag:"mo",output:"]",tex:null,ttype:l},{input:"{",tag:"mo",output:"{",tex:null,ttype:b},{input:"}",tag:"mo",output:"}",tex:null,ttype:l},{input:"|",tag:"mo",output:"|",tex:null,ttype:r},{input:"(:",tag:"mo",output:"\u2329",tex:"langle",ttype:b},{input:":)",tag:"mo",output:"\u232A",tex:"rangle",ttype:l},{input:"<<",tag:"mo",output:"\u2329",tex:null,ttype:b},{input:">>",tag:"mo",output:"\u232A",tex:null,ttype:l},{input:"{:",tag:"mo",output:"{:",tex:null,ttype:b,invisible:true},{input:":}",tag:"mo",output:":}",tex:null,ttype:l,invisible:true},{input:"int",tag:"mo",output:"\u222B",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"dx",tag:"mi",output:"{:d x:}",tex:null,ttype:Z},{input:"dy",tag:"mi",output:"{:d y:}",tex:null,ttype:Z},{input:"dz",tag:"mi",output:"{:d z:}",tex:null,ttype:Z},{input:"dt",tag:"mi",output:"{:d t:}",tex:null,ttype:Z},{input:"oint",tag:"mo",output:"\u222E",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"del",tag:"mo",output:"\u2202",tex:"partial",ttype:d},{input:"grad",tag:"mo",output:"\u2207",tex:"nabla",ttype:d},{input:"+-",tag:"mo",output:"\u00B1",tex:"pm",ttype:d},{input:"O/",tag:"mo",output:"\u2205",tex:"emptyset",ttype:d},{input:"oo",tag:"mo",output:"\u221E",tex:"infty",ttype:d},{input:"aleph",tag:"mo",output:"\u2135",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"...",tag:"mo",output:"...",tex:"ldots",ttype:d},{input:":.",tag:"mo",output:"\u2234",tex:"therefore",ttype:d},{input:"/_",tag:"mo",output:"\u2220",tex:"angle",ttype:d},{input:"\\ ",tag:"mo",output:"\u00A0",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"quad",tag:"mo",output:"\u00A0\u00A0",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"qquad",tag:"mo",output:"\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"cdots",tag:"mo",output:"\u22EF",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"vdots",tag:"mo",output:"\u22EE",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"ddots",tag:"mo",output:"\u22F1",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"diamond",tag:"mo",output:"\u22C4",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"square",tag:"mo",output:"\u25A1",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"|__",tag:"mo",output:"\u230A",tex:"lfloor",ttype:d},{input:"__|",tag:"mo",output:"\u230B",tex:"rfloor",ttype:d},{input:"|~",tag:"mo",output:"\u2308",tex:"lceiling",ttype:d},{input:"~|",tag:"mo",output:"\u2309",tex:"rceiling",ttype:d},{input:"CC",tag:"mo",output:"\u2102",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"NN",tag:"mo",output:"\u2115",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"QQ",tag:"mo",output:"\u211A",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"RR",tag:"mo",output:"\u211D",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"ZZ",tag:"mo",output:"\u2124",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"f",tag:"mi",output:"f",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"g",tag:"mi",output:"g",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"lim",tag:"mo",output:"lim",tex:null,ttype:P},{input:"Lim",tag:"mo",output:"Lim",tex:null,ttype:P},{input:"sin",tag:"mo",output:"sin",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"cos",tag:"mo",output:"cos",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"tan",tag:"mo",output:"tan",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"sinh",tag:"mo",output:"sinh",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"cosh",tag:"mo",output:"cosh",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"tanh",tag:"mo",output:"tanh",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"cot",tag:"mo",output:"cot",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"sec",tag:"mo",output:"sec",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"csc",tag:"mo",output:"csc",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"log",tag:"mo",output:"log",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"ln",tag:"mo",output:"ln",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"det",tag:"mo",output:"det",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"dim",tag:"mo",output:"dim",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"mod",tag:"mo",output:"mod",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"gcd",tag:"mo",output:"gcd",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"lcm",tag:"mo",output:"lcm",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"lub",tag:"mo",output:"lub",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"glb",tag:"mo",output:"glb",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"min",tag:"mo",output:"min",tex:null,ttype:P},{input:"max",tag:"mo",output:"max",tex:null,ttype:P},{input:"uarr",tag:"mo",output:"\u2191",tex:"uparrow",ttype:d},{input:"darr",tag:"mo",output:"\u2193",tex:"downarrow",ttype:d},{input:"rarr",tag:"mo",output:"\u2192",tex:"rightarrow",ttype:d},{input:"->",tag:"mo",output:"\u2192",tex:"to",ttype:d},{input:"|->",tag:"mo",output:"\u21A6",tex:"mapsto",ttype:d},{input:"larr",tag:"mo",output:"\u2190",tex:"leftarrow",ttype:d},{input:"harr",tag:"mo",output:"\u2194",tex:"leftrightarrow",ttype:d},{input:"rArr",tag:"mo",output:"\u21D2",tex:"Rightarrow",ttype:d},{input:"lArr",tag:"mo",output:"\u21D0",tex:"Leftarrow",ttype:d},{input:"hArr",tag:"mo",output:"\u21D4",tex:"Leftrightarrow",ttype:d},j,af,A,Q,o,s,h,{input:"hat",tag:"mover",output:"\u005E",tex:null,ttype:H,acc:true},{input:"bar",tag:"mover",output:"\u00AF",tex:"overline",ttype:H,acc:true},{input:"vec",tag:"mover",output:"\u2192",tex:null,ttype:H,acc:true},{input:"dot",tag:"mover",output:".",tex:null,ttype:H,acc:true},{input:"ddot",tag:"mover",output:"..",tex:null,ttype:H,acc:true},{input:"ul",tag:"munder",output:"\u0332",tex:"underline",ttype:H,acc:true},ah,x,p,{input:"bb",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontweight",atval:"bold",output:"bb",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"mathbf",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontweight",atval:"bold",output:"mathbf",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"sf",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontfamily",atval:"sans-serif",output:"sf",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"mathsf",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontfamily",atval:"sans-serif",output:"mathsf",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"bbb",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"double-struck",output:"bbb",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:D},{input:"mathbb",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"double-struck",output:"mathbb",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:D},{input:"cc",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"script",output:"cc",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:J},{input:"mathcal",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"script",output:"mathcal",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:J},{input:"tt",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontfamily",atval:"monospace",output:"tt",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"mathtt",tag:"mstyle",atname:"fontfamily",atval:"monospace",output:"mathtt",tex:null,ttype:H},{input:"fr",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"fraktur",output:"fr",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:N},{input:"mathfrak",tag:"mstyle",atname:"mathvariant",atval:"fraktur",output:"mathfrak",tex:null,ttype:H,codes:N}];function W(ai,i){if(ai.input>i.input){return 1}else{return -1}}var U=[];function v(){var aj=[],ai;for(ai=0;ai>1;if(aj[ai]=U[ai]}y=F;if(am!=""){F=G[al].ttype;return G[al]}F=d;ai=1;ar=ao.slice(0,1);var ap=true;while("0"<=ar&&ar<="9"&&ai<=ao.length){ar=ao.slice(ai,ai+1);ai++}if(ar==f){ar=ao.slice(ai,ai+1);if("0"<=ar&&ar<="9"){ap=false;ai++;while("0"<=ar&&ar<="9"&&ai<=ao.length){ar=ao.slice(ai,ai+1);ai++}}}if((ap&&ai>1)||ai>2){ar=ao.slice(0,ai-1);aq="mn"}else{ai=2;ar=ao.slice(0,1);aq=(("A">ar||ar>"Z")&&("a">ar||ar>"z")?"mo":"mi")}if(ar=="-"&&y==m){F=m;return{input:ar,tag:aq,output:ar,ttype:H,func:true}}return{input:ar,tag:aq,output:ar,ttype:d}}function T(ai){var i;if(ai.nodeName=="mrow"){i=ai.firstChild.firstChild.nodeValue;if(i=="("||i=="["||i=="{"){ai.removeChild(ai.firstChild)}}if(ai.nodeName=="mrow"){i=ai.lastChild.firstChild.nodeValue;if(i==")"||i=="]"||i=="}"){ai.removeChild(ai.lastChild)}}}var K,y,F;function L(ao){var ak,aj,ar,am,aq,an=g.createDocumentFragment();ao=u(ao,0);ak=n(ao);if(ak==null||ak.ttype==l&&K>0){return[null,ao]}if(ak.ttype==Z){ao=ak.output+u(ao,ak.input.length);ak=n(ao)}switch(ak.ttype){case P:case d:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);return[M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)),ao];case b:K++;ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);ar=w(ao,true);K--;if(typeof ak.invisible=="boolean"&&ak.invisible){aj=M("mrow",ar[0])}else{aj=M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.output));aj=M("mrow",aj);aj.appendChild(ar[0])}return[aj,ar[1]];case ab:if(ak!=p){ao=u(ao,ak.input.length)}if(ao.charAt(0)=="{"){am=ao.indexOf("}")}else{if(ao.charAt(0)=="("){am=ao.indexOf(")")}else{if(ao.charAt(0)=="["){am=ao.indexOf("]")}else{if(ak==p){am=ao.slice(1).indexOf('"')+1}else{am=0}}}}if(am==-1){am=ao.length}aq=ao.slice(1,am);if(aq.charAt(0)==" "){aj=R("mspace");aj.setAttribute("width","1ex");an.appendChild(aj)}an.appendChild(M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(aq)));if(aq.charAt(aq.length-1)==" "){aj=R("mspace");aj.setAttribute("width","1ex");an.appendChild(aj)}ao=u(ao,am+1);return[M("mrow",an),ao];case H:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);ar=L(ao);if(ar[0]==null){return[M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)),ao]}if(typeof ak.func=="boolean"&&ak.func){aq=ao.charAt(0);if(aq=="^"||aq=="_"||aq=="/"||aq=="|"||aq==","){return[M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)),ao]}else{aj=M("mrow",M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)));aj.appendChild(ar[0]);return[aj,ar[1]]}}T(ar[0]);if(ak.input=="sqrt"){return[M(ak.tag,ar[0]),ar[1]]}else{if(typeof ak.acc=="boolean"&&ak.acc){aj=M(ak.tag,ar[0]);aj.appendChild(M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.output)));return[aj,ar[1]]}else{if(!q&&typeof ak.codes!="undefined"){for(am=0;am64&&aq.charCodeAt(al)<91){ap=ap+String.fromCharCode(ak.codes[aq.charCodeAt(al)-65])}else{ap=ap+aq.charAt(al)}}if(ar[0].nodeName=="mi"){ar[0]=R("mo").appendChild(g.createTextNode(ap))}else{ar[0].replaceChild(R("mo").appendChild(g.createTextNode(ap)),ar[0].childNodes[am])}}}}aj=M(ak.tag,ar[0]);aj.setAttribute(ak.atname,ak.atval);return[aj,ar[1]]}}case X:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);ar=L(ao);if(ar[0]==null){return[M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.input)),ao]}T(ar[0]);var ai=L(ar[1]);if(ai[0]==null){return[M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.input)),ao]}T(ai[0]);if(ak.input=="root"||ak.input=="stackrel"){an.appendChild(ai[0])}an.appendChild(ar[0]);if(ak.input=="frac"){an.appendChild(ai[0])}return[M(ak.tag,an),ai[1]];case m:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);return[M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.output)),ao];case a:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);aj=R("mspace");aj.setAttribute("width","1ex");an.appendChild(aj);an.appendChild(M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)));aj=R("mspace");aj.setAttribute("width","1ex");an.appendChild(aj);return[M("mrow",an),ao];case r:K++;ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);ar=w(ao,false);K--;aq="";if(ar[0].lastChild!=null){aq=ar[0].lastChild.firstChild.nodeValue}if(aq=="|"){aj=M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.output));aj=M("mrow",aj);aj.appendChild(ar[0]);return[aj,ar[1]]}else{aj=M("mo",g.createTextNode(ak.output));aj=M("mrow",aj);return[aj,ao]}default:ao=u(ao,ak.input.length);return[M(ak.tag,g.createTextNode(ak.output)),ao]}}function z(an){var al,ao,am,ak,i,aj;an=u(an,0);ao=n(an);i=L(an);ak=i[0];an=i[1];al=n(an);if(al.ttype==m&&al.input!="/"){an=u(an,al.input.length);i=L(an);if(i[0]==null){i[0]=M("mo",g.createTextNode("\u25A1"))}else{T(i[0])}an=i[1];if(al.input=="_"){am=n(an);aj=(ao.ttype==P);if(am.input=="^"){an=u(an,am.input.length);var ai=L(an);T(ai[0]);an=ai[1];ak=M((aj?"munderover":"msubsup"),ak);ak.appendChild(i[0]);ak.appendChild(ai[0]);ak=M("mrow",ak)}else{ak=M((aj?"munder":"msub"),ak);ak.appendChild(i[0])}}else{ak=M(al.tag,ak);ak.appendChild(i[0])}}return[ak,an]}function w(aq,ap){var av,ar,am,ay,an=g.createDocumentFragment();do{aq=u(aq,0);am=z(aq);ar=am[0];aq=am[1];av=n(aq);if(av.ttype==m&&av.input=="/"){aq=u(aq,av.input.length);am=z(aq);if(am[0]==null){am[0]=M("mo",g.createTextNode("\u25A1"))}else{T(am[0])}aq=am[1];T(ar);ar=M(av.tag,ar);ar.appendChild(am[0]);an.appendChild(ar);av=n(aq)}else{if(ar!=undefined){an.appendChild(ar)}}}while((av.ttype!=l&&(av.ttype!=r||ap)||K==0)&&av!=null&&av.output!="");if(av.ttype==l||av.ttype==r){var az=an.childNodes.length;if(az>0&&an.childNodes[az-1].nodeName=="mrow"&&az>1&&an.childNodes[az-2].nodeName=="mo"&&an.childNodes[az-2].firstChild.nodeValue==","){var aB=an.childNodes[az-1].lastChild.firstChild.nodeValue;if(aB==")"||aB=="]"){var aj=an.childNodes[az-1].firstChild.firstChild.nodeValue;if(aj=="("&&aB==")"&&av.output!="}"||aj=="["&&aB=="]"){var ak=[];var aw=true;var at=an.childNodes.length;for(ay=0;aw&&ay1){aw=ak[ay].length==ak[ay-2].length}}if(aw){var al,ai,ao,au,aA=g.createDocumentFragment();for(ay=0;ay2){an.removeChild(an.firstChild);an.removeChild(an.firstChild)}aA.appendChild(M("mtr",al))}ar=M("mtable",aA);if(typeof av.invisible=="boolean"&&av.invisible){ar.setAttribute("columnalign","left")}an.replaceChild(ar,an.firstChild)}}}}aq=u(aq,av.input.length);if(typeof av.invisible!="boolean"||!av.invisible){ar=M("mo",g.createTextNode(av.output));an.appendChild(ar)}}return[an,aq]}function e(aj){var ai=R("mstyle");if(I!=""){ai.setAttribute("mathcolor",I)}if(t){ai.setAttribute("displaystyle","true")}if(ad!=""){ai.setAttribute("fontfamily",ad)}K=0;ai.appendChild(w(aj.replace(/^\s+/g,""),false)[0]);ai=M("math",ai);if(C){ai.setAttribute("title",aj.replace(/\s+/g," "))}if(ad!=""&&(q||ad!="serif")){var i=V("font");i.setAttribute("face",ad);i.appendChild(ai);return i}return ai}C=false;ad="";I="";(function(){for(var aj=0,ai=G.length;aj",tex:null,ttype:d},{input:"gt=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2265",tex:"geq",ttype:d},{input:"-<=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2AAF",tex:"preceq",ttype:d},{input:">-=",tag:"mo",output:"\u2AB0",tex:"succeq",ttype:d},{input:"'",tag:"mo",output:"\u2032",tex:"prime",ttype:d},{input:"arcsin",tag:"mi",output:"arcsin",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"arccos",tag:"mi",output:"arccos",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"arctan",tag:"mi",output:"arctan",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"coth",tag:"mi",output:"coth",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"sech",tag:"mi",output:"sech",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"csch",tag:"mi",output:"csch",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"abs",tag:"mi",output:"abs",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"exp",tag:"mi",output:"exp",tex:null,ttype:H,func:true},{input:"tilde",tag:"mover",output:"~",tex:null,ttype:H,acc:true});ag.Augment({AM:{Init:function(){t=ag.config.displaystyle;f=(ag.config.decimal||ag.config.decimalsign);E();v()},Augment:function(i){for(var ai in i){if(i.hasOwnProperty(ai)){switch(ai){case"displaystyle":t=i[ai];break;case"decimal":decimal=i[ai];break;case"parseMath":e=i[ai];break;case"parseExpr":w=i[ai];break;case"parseIexpr":z=i[ai];break;case"parseSexpr":L=i[ai];break;case"removeBrackets":T=i[ai];break;case"getSymbol":n=i[ai];break;case"position":c=i[ai];break;case"removeCharsAndBlanks":u=i[ai];break;case"createMmlNode":M=i[ai];break;case"createElementMathML":R=i[ai];break;case"createElementXHTML":V=i[ai];break;case"initSymbols":v=i[ai];break;case"compareNames":comareNames=i[ai];break}this[ai]=i[ai]}}},parseMath:e,parseExpr:w,parseIexpr:z,parseSexr:L,removeBrackets:T,getSymbol:n,position:c,removeCharsAndBlanks:u,createMmlNode:M,createElementMathML:R,createElementXHTML:V,initSymbols:v,compareNames:W,createDocumentFragment:aa,document:g,define:B,symbols:G,names:U,TOKEN:{CONST:d,UNARY:H,BINARY:X,INFIX:m,LEFTBRACKET:b,RIGHTBRACKET:l,SPACE:a,UNDEROVER:P,DEFINITION:Z,LEFTRIGHT:r,TEXT:ab}}});var ae=[S,O];ae=null})(MathJax.InputJax.AsciiMath);(function(b){var a;b.Augment({sourceMenuTitle:["AsciiMathInput","AsciiMath Input"],prefilterHooks:MathJax.Callback.Hooks(true),postfilterHooks:MathJax.Callback.Hooks(true),Translate:function(c){var d,f=MathJax.HTML.getScript(c);var g={math:f,script:c};this.prefilterHooks.Execute(g);f=g.math;try{d=this.AM.parseMath(f)}catch(e){if(!e.asciimathError){throw e}d=this.formatError(e,f)}g.math=a(d);this.postfilterHooks.Execute(g);return g.math},formatError:function(f,e,c){var d=f.message.replace(/\n.*/,"");MathJax.Hub.signal.Post(["AsciiMath Jax - parse error",d,e,c]);return a.merror(d)},Error:function(c){throw MathJax.Hub.Insert(Error(c),{asciimathError:true})},Startup:function(){a=MathJax.ElementJax.mml;this.AM.Init()}});b.loadComplete("jax.js")})(MathJax.InputJax.AsciiMath);
(function(l,c,g,e){var f,i=c.Browser.isMSIE;var h,b,d,k;c.Register.StartupHook("MathZoom Ready",function(){k=MathJax.Extension.MathZoom});var j=function(m,o){var n=e.Element("span");m="padding"+m;if(o){n.style.cssText=(o.getAttribute("style")||"");if(n.style.padding===""&&(n.style[m]||"")===""){n.style[m]="0px";o.setAttribute("style",n.style.cssText)}}};var a=function(r,m,p){if(r){var o=e.Element("span");o.style.cssText=(r.getAttribute("style")||"");if(o.style.padding===""){var q={paddingLeft:p,paddingTop:m,paddingRight:"0px",paddingBottom:"0px"};for(var n in q){if(q.hasOwnProperty(n)){if((o.style[n]||"")===""){o.style[n]=q[n]}}}}r.setAttribute("style",o.style.cssText)}};l.Augment({config:{styles:{".MathJax_MathML":{"font-style":"normal","font-weight":"normal","line-height":"normal","font-size":"100%","font-size-adjust":"none","text-indent":0,"text-align":"left","text-transform":"none","letter-spacing":"normal","word-spacing":"normal","word-wrap":"normal","white-space":"nowrap","float":"none",direction:"ltr",border:0,padding:0,margin:0},"span.MathJax_MathML":{display:"inline"},"div.MathJax_MathML":{display:"block"},".MathJax_mmlExBox":{display:"block",overflow:"hidden",height:"1px",width:"60ex",padding:0,border:0,margin:0}}},settings:c.config.menuSettings,ex:1,Config:function(){this.SUPER(arguments).Config.call(this);if(this.settings.scale){this.config.scale=this.settings.scale}if(c.config.displayAlign!=="center"){var o=c.config.displayAlign,m=c.config.displayIndent;var n={"text-align":o+"!important"};n["margin-"+o]=m+"!important";c.Insert(this.config.styles,{"div.MathJax_MathML":n,"div.MathJax_MathML math":{"text-align":o},"div.MathJax_MathContainer > span":{"text-align":o+"!important"}})}if(!this.require){this.require=[]}this.require.push(MathJax.OutputJax.extensionDir+"/MathEvents.js")},Startup:function(){h=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Event;b=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Touch;d=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Hover;this.ContextMenu=h.ContextMenu;this.Mousedown=h.AltContextMenu;this.Mouseover=d.Mouseover;this.Mouseout=d.Mouseout;this.Mousemove=d.Mousemove;if(!i){this.EmExSpan=e.Element("span",{style:{position:"absolute","font-size-adjust":"none"}},[["div",{className:"MathJax_mmlExBox"}],["span",{className:"MathJax_MathML"}]]);f.math(f.mspace().With({width:"60ex"})).toNativeMML(this.EmExSpan.lastChild)}return g.Styles(this.config.styles)},InitializeMML:function(){this.initialized=true;if(i){try{if(!c.Browser.mpNamespace){var m=document.createElement("object");m.id="mathplayer";m.classid="clsid:32F66A20-7614-11D4-BD11-00104BD3F987";document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(m);document.namespaces.add("m","http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML");c.Browser.mpNamespace=true}if(!c.Browser.mpImported){document.namespaces.m.doImport("#mathplayer");c.Browser.mpImported=true}}catch(n){alert(MathJax.Localization._(["MathML","MathPlayer"],"MathJax was not able to set up MathPlayer.\n\nIf MathPlayer is not installed, you need to install it first.\nOtherwise, your security settings may be preventing ActiveX \ncontrols from running. Use the Internet Options item under\nthe Tools menu and select the Security tab, then press the\nCustom Level button. Check that the settings for\n'Run ActiveX Controls', and 'Binary and script behaviors'\nare enabled.\n\nCurrently you will see error messages rather than\ntypeset mathematics."))}}else{document.body.appendChild(this.EmExSpan);this.defaultEx=this.EmExSpan.firstChild.offsetWidth/60;this.defaultMEx=this.EmExSpan.lastChild.offsetWidth/60;document.body.removeChild(this.EmExSpan)}},preTranslate:function(o){var t=o.jax[this.id],u,p=t.length,y,r,A,w,z,n,v,s,q;for(u=0;u1?v/s:1)*this.config.scale;q=Math.floor(Math.max(this.config.minScaleAdjust/100,q));n.NativeMML.ex=v}else{q=100}n.NativeMML.fontSize=q+"%"}if(!i){for(u=0;ut){t=o;u.style.width=t+"px"}}if(this.msieIE8HeightBug){u.style.position=""}return{Y:-h.getBBox(u.parentNode).h,mW:p,mH:v,zW:t,zH:q}},NAMEDSPACE:{negativeveryverythinmathspace:"-.0556em",negativeverythinmathspace:"-.1111em",negativethinmathspace:"-.1667em",negativemediummathspace:"-.2222em",negativethickmathspace:"-.2778em",negativeverythickmathspace:"-.3333em",negativeveryverythickmathspace:"-.3889em"}});c.Register.StartupHook("mml Jax Ready",function(){f=MathJax.ElementJax.mml;f.mbase.Augment({toNativeMML:function(r){var p=this.NativeMMLelement(this.type);this.NativeMMLattributes(p);for(var q=0,o=this.data.length;q1){o=this.NativeMMLelement("mrow");s.appendChild(q);s=q}for(;r0;u--){q.separators.push(v)}}}var o=this.NativeMMLelement(t?this.type:"mrow");this.NativeMMLattributes(o);o.removeAttribute("separators");if(t){o.setAttribute("open",q.open);o.setAttribute("close",q.close);if(this.data.length>1){w.appendChild(o);w=o;o=this.NativeMMLelement("mrow")}}else{o.removeAttribute("open");o.removeAttribute("close")}if(!t){r=this.NativeMMLelement("mo");r.setAttribute("fence","true");r.textContent=q.open;o.appendChild(r)}for(u=0,p=this.data.length;u0){r=this.NativeMMLelement("mo");r.setAttribute("separator","true");r.textContent=q.separators[u-1];o.appendChild(r)}if(this.data[u]){this.data[u].toNativeMML(o)}else{o.appendChild(this.NativeMMLelement("mrow"))}}if(!t){r=this.NativeMMLelement("mo");r.setAttribute("fence","true");r.textContent=q.close;o.appendChild(r)}w.appendChild(o)}});f.TeXAtom.Augment({toNativeMML:function(p){var o=this.NativeMMLelement("mrow");this.NativeMMLattributes(o);this.data[0].toNativeMML(o);p.appendChild(o)}});f.chars.Augment({toNativeMML:function(o){o.appendChild(document.createTextNode(this.toString()))}});f.entity.Augment({toNativeMML:function(o){o.appendChild(document.createTextNode(this.toString()))}});f.xml.Augment({toNativeMML:function(q){for(var p=0,o=this.data.length;p=p.HTMLCSSlast+p.HTMLCSSchunk){this.postTranslate(p);p.HTMLCSSchunk=Math.floor(p.HTMLCSSchunk*this.config.EqnChunkFactor);p.HTMLCSSdelay=true}}},postTranslate:function(r){var l=r.jax[this.id];if(!this.hideProcessedMath){return}for(var p=r.HTMLCSSlast,k=r.HTMLCSSeqn;p=0&&!this.initialSkipBug)||this.negativeBBoxes||!o.firstChild){l=o.offsetWidth;n=o.parentNode.offsetHeight}else{if(o.bbox&&m<0&&this.msieNegativeBBoxBug){l=-o.offsetWidth,n=o.parentNode.offsetHeight}else{if(this.initialSkipBug){var k=o.style.position;o.style.position="absolute";p=this.startMarker;o.insertBefore(p,o.firstChild)}o.appendChild(this.endMarker);l=this.endMarker.offsetLeft-p.offsetLeft;o.removeChild(this.endMarker);if(this.initialSkipBug){o.removeChild(p);o.style.position=k}}}if(n!=null){o.parentNode.HH=n/this.em}return l/this.em},Measured:function(m,l){var n=m.bbox;if(n.width==null&&n.w&&!n.isMultiline){var k=this.getW(m);n.rw+=k-n.w;n.w=k;n.exactW=true}if(!l){l=m.parentNode}if(!l.bbox){l.bbox=n}return m},Remeasured:function(l,k){k.bbox=this.Measured(l,k).bbox},MeasureSpans:function(o){var r=[],t,q,n,u,k,p,l,s;for(q=0,n=o.length;q=0&&!this.initialSkipBug)||(u.w<0&&this.msieNegativeBBoxBug)){r.push([t])}else{if(this.initialSkipBug){k=this.startMarker.cloneNode(true);p=this.endMarker.cloneNode(true);t.insertBefore(k,t.firstChild);t.appendChild(p);r.push([t,k,p,t.style.position]);t.style.position="absolute"}else{p=this.endMarker.cloneNode(true);t.appendChild(p);r.push([t,null,p])}}}for(q=0,n=r.length;q=0&&!this.initialSkipBug)||this.negativeBBoxes||!t.firstChild){l=t.offsetWidth;s.HH=s.offsetHeight/this.em}else{if(u.w<0&&this.msieNegativeBBoxBug){l=-t.offsetWidth,s.HH=s.offsetHeight/this.em}else{l=r[q][2].offsetLeft-((r[q][1]||{}).offsetLeft||0)}}l/=this.em;u.rw+=l-u.w;u.w=l;u.exactW=true;if(!s.bbox){s.bbox=u}}for(q=0,n=r.length;q=0){p.style.width=this.Em(q);p.style.display="inline-block";p.style.overflow="hidden"}else{if(this.msieNegativeSpaceBug){p.style.height=""}p.style.marginLeft=this.Em(q);if(d.safariNegativeSpaceBug&&p.parentNode.firstChild==p){this.createBlank(p,0,true)}}if(m&&m!==g.COLOR.TRANSPARENT){p.style.backgroundColor=m;p.style.position="relative"}return p},createRule:function(r,n,p,s,l){if(n<-p){p=-n}var m=d.TeX.min_rule_thickness,o=1;if(s>0&&s*this.em0&&(n+p)*this.em0&&q.offsetWidth==0){q.style.width=this.Em(s)}if(r.isBox||r.className=="mspace"){r.bbox=q.bbox,r.HH=n+p}return q},createFrame:function(s,q,r,u,x,l){if(q<-r){r=-q}var p=2*x;if(this.msieFrameSizeBug){if(uC.w){d.createBlank(u,C.rw-C.w+0.1)}}if(!this.msieClipRectBug&&!C.noclip&&!o){var B=3/this.em;var A=(C.H==null?C.h:C.H),m=(C.D==null?C.d:C.D);var E=w-A-B,p=w+m+B,n=C.lw-3*B,k=1000;if(this.initialSkipBug&&C.lw<0){n=-3*B}if(C.isFixed){k=C.width-n}u.style.clip="rect("+this.Em(E)+" "+this.Em(k)+" "+this.Em(p)+" "+this.Em(n)+")"}}u.style.top=this.Em(-q-w);u.style.left=this.Em(s+F);if(C&&z){if(C.H!=null&&(z.H==null||C.H+q>z.H)){z.H=C.H+q}if(C.D!=null&&(z.D==null||C.D-q>z.D)){z.D=C.D-q}if(C.h+q>z.h){z.h=C.h+q}if(C.d-q>z.d){z.d=C.d-q}if(z.H!=null&&z.H<=z.h){delete z.H}if(z.D!=null&&z.D<=z.d){delete z.D}if(C.w+s>z.w){z.w=C.w+s;if(z.width==null){v.style.width=this.Em(z.w)}}if(C.rw+s>z.rw){z.rw=C.rw+s}if(C.lw+s=n-0.01||(s==p-1&&!l.stretch)){if(l.HW[s][2]){q*=l.HW[s][2]}if(l.HW[s][3]){k=l.HW[s][3]}var r=this.addElement(u,"span");this.createChar(r,[k,l.HW[s][1]],q,o);u.bbox=r.bbox;u.offset=0.65*u.bbox.w;u.scale=q;return}}if(l.stretch){this["extendDelimiter"+l.dir](u,t,l.stretch,q,o)}},extendDelimiterV:function(A,t,E,F,w){var o=this.createStack(A,true);var v=this.createBox(o),u=this.createBox(o);this.createChar(v,(E.top||E.ext),F,w);this.createChar(u,(E.bot||E.ext),F,w);var m={bbox:{w:0,lw:0,rw:0}},D=m,p;var B=v.bbox.h+v.bbox.d+u.bbox.h+u.bbox.d;var r=-v.bbox.h;this.placeBox(v,0,r,true);r-=v.bbox.d;if(E.mid){D=this.createBox(o);this.createChar(D,E.mid,F,w);B+=D.bbox.h+D.bbox.d}if(E.min&&tB){m=this.Element("span");this.createChar(m,E.ext,F,w);var C=m.bbox.h+m.bbox.d,l=C-0.05,x,q,z=(E.mid?2:1);q=x=Math.min(Math.ceil((t-B)/(z*l)),this.maxStretchyParts);if(!E.fullExtenders){l=(t-B)/(z*x)}var s=(x/(x+1))*(C-l);l=C-s;r+=s+l-m.bbox.h;while(z-->0){while(x-->0){if(!this.msieCloneNodeBug){p=m.cloneNode(true)}else{p=this.Element("span");this.createChar(p,E.ext,F,w)}p.bbox=m.bbox;r-=l;this.placeBox(this.addBox(o,p),0,r,true)}r+=s-m.bbox.d;if(E.mid&&z){this.placeBox(D,0,r-D.bbox.h,true);x=q;r+=-(D.bbox.h+D.bbox.d)+s+l-m.bbox.h}}}else{r+=(B-t)/2;if(E.mid){this.placeBox(D,0,r-D.bbox.h,true);r+=-(D.bbox.h+D.bbox.d)}r+=(B-t)/2}this.placeBox(u,0,r-u.bbox.h,true);r-=u.bbox.h+u.bbox.d;A.bbox={w:Math.max(v.bbox.w,m.bbox.w,u.bbox.w,D.bbox.w),lw:Math.min(v.bbox.lw,m.bbox.lw,u.bbox.lw,D.bbox.lw),rw:Math.max(v.bbox.rw,m.bbox.rw,u.bbox.rw,D.bbox.rw),h:0,d:-r,exactW:true};A.scale=F;A.offset=0.55*A.bbox.w;A.isMultiChar=true;this.setStackWidth(o,A.bbox.w)},extendDelimiterH:function(B,o,E,G,y){var r=this.createStack(B,true);var p=this.createBox(r),C=this.createBox(r);this.createChar(p,(E.left||E.rep),G,y);this.createChar(C,(E.right||E.rep),G,y);var l=this.Element("span");this.createChar(l,E.rep,G,y);var D={bbox:{h:-this.BIGDIMEN,d:-this.BIGDIMEN}},m;this.placeBox(p,-p.bbox.lw,0,true);var u=(p.bbox.rw-p.bbox.lw)+(C.bbox.rw-C.bbox.lw)-0.05,t=p.bbox.rw-p.bbox.lw-0.025,v;if(E.mid){D=this.createBox(r);this.createChar(D,E.mid,G,y);u+=D.bbox.w}if(E.min&&ou){var F=l.bbox.rw-l.bbox.lw,q=F-0.05,z,s,A=(E.mid?2:1);s=z=Math.min(Math.ceil((o-u)/(A*q)),this.maxStretchyParts);if(!E.fillExtenders){q=(o-u)/(A*z)}v=(z/(z+1))*(F-q);q=F-v;t-=l.bbox.lw+v;while(A-->0){while(z-->0){if(!this.cloneNodeBug){m=l.cloneNode(true)}else{m=this.Element("span");this.createChar(m,E.rep,G,y)}m.bbox=l.bbox;this.placeBox(this.addBox(r,m),t,0,true);t+=q}if(E.mid&&A){this.placeBox(D,t,0,true);t+=D.bbox.w-v;z=s}}}else{t-=(u-o)/2;if(E.mid){this.placeBox(D,t,0,true);t+=D.bbox.w}t-=(u-o)/2}this.placeBox(C,t,0,true);B.bbox={w:t+C.bbox.rw,lw:0,rw:t+C.bbox.rw,H:Math.max(p.bbox.h,l.bbox.h,C.bbox.h,D.bbox.h),D:Math.max(p.bbox.d,l.bbox.d,C.bbox.d,D.bbox.d),h:l.bbox.h,d:l.bbox.d,exactW:true};B.scale=G;B.isMultiChar=true;this.setStackWidth(r,B.bbox.w)},createChar:function(s,p,n,k){s.isMathJax=true;var r=s,t="",o={fonts:[p[1]],noRemap:true};if(k&&k===g.VARIANT.BOLD){o.fonts=[p[1]+"-bold",p[1]]}if(typeof(p[1])!=="string"){o=p[1]}if(p[0] instanceof Array){for(var q=0,l=p[0].length;q=55296&&x<56319){B++;x=(((x-55296)<<10)+(s.charCodeAt(B)-56320))+65536;if(this.FONTDATA.RemapPlane1){var E=this.FONTDATA.RemapPlane1(x,p);x=E.n;p=E.variant}}else{var u,r,v=this.FONTDATA.RANGES;for(u=0,r=v.length;u=v[u].low&&x<=v[u].high){if(v[u].remap&&v[u].remap[x]){x=q+v[u].remap[x]}else{x=x-v[u].low+q;if(v[u].add){x+=v[u].add}}if(p["variant"+v[u].offset]){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[p["variant"+v[u].offset]]}break}}}if(p.remap&&p.remap[x]){if(p.remap[x] instanceof Array){var o=p.remap[x];x=o[0];p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[o[1]]}else{if(typeof(p.remap[x])==="string"){s=p.remap[x]+s.substr(B+1);B=0;y=s.length;x=s.charCodeAt(0)}else{x=p.remap[x];if(p.remap.variant){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[p.remap.variant]}}}}if(this.FONTDATA.REMAP[x]&&!p.noRemap){x=this.FONTDATA.REMAP[x];if(x instanceof Array){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[x[1]];x=x[0]}if(typeof(x)==="string"){s=x+s.substr(B+1);B=0;y=s.length;x=x.charCodeAt(0)}}t=this.lookupChar(p,x);C=t[x];if(l||(!this.checkFont(t,k.style)&&!C[5].img)){if(z.length){this.addText(k,z);z=""}var w=!!k.style.fontFamily||!!A.style.fontStyle||!!A.style.fontWeight||!t.directory||l;l=false;if(k!==A){w=!this.checkFont(t,A.style);k=A}if(w){k=this.addElement(A,"span",{isMathJax:true,subSpan:true})}this.handleFont(k,t,k!==A)}z=this.handleChar(k,t,C,x,z);if(!(C[5]||{}).space){if(C[0]/1000>A.bbox.h){A.bbox.h=C[0]/1000}if(C[1]/1000>A.bbox.d){A.bbox.d=C[1]/1000}}if(A.bbox.w+C[3]/1000A.bbox.rw){A.bbox.rw=A.bbox.w+C[4]/1000}A.bbox.w+=C[2]/1000}if(z.length){this.addText(k,z)}if(A.scale&&A.scale!==1){A.bbox.h*=A.scale;A.bbox.d*=A.scale;A.bbox.w*=A.scale;A.bbox.lw*=A.scale;A.bbox.rw*=A.scale}if(s.length==1&&t.skew&&t.skew[x]){A.bbox.skew=t.skew[x]}},checkFont:function(k,l){var m=(l.fontWeight||"normal");if(m.match(/^\d+$/)){m=(parseInt(m)>=600?"bold":"normal")}return(k.family.replace(/'/g,"")===l.fontFamily.replace(/'/g,"")&&(k.style||"normal")===(l.fontStyle||"normal")&&(k.weight||"normal")===m)},handleFont:function(m,k,o){m.style.fontFamily=k.family;if(!k.directory){m.style.fontSize=Math.floor(100/d.scale+0.5)+"%"}if(!(d.FontFaceBug&&k.isWebFont)){var l=k.style||"normal",n=k.weight||"normal";if(l!=="normal"||o){m.style.fontStyle=l}if(n!=="normal"||o){m.style.fontWeight=n}}},handleChar:function(l,k,s,r,q){var p=s[5];if(p.space){if(q.length){this.addText(l,q)}d.createShift(l,s[2]/1000);return""}if(p.img){return this.handleImg(l,k,s,r,q)}if(p.isUnknown&&this.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[r]){if(q.length){this.addText(l,q)}var o=l.scale;d.createDelimiter(l,r,0,1,k);if(this.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[r].dir==="V"){l.style.verticalAlign=this.Em(l.bbox.d);l.bbox.h+=l.bbox.d;l.bbox.d=0}l.scale=o;s[0]=l.bbox.h*1000;s[1]=l.bbox.d*1000;s[2]=l.bbox.w*1000;s[3]=l.bbox.lw*1000;s[4]=l.bbox.rw*1000;return""}if(p.c==null){if(r<=65535){p.c=String.fromCharCode(r)}else{var m=r-65536;p.c=String.fromCharCode((m>>10)+55296)+String.fromCharCode((m&1023)+56320)}}if(p.rfix){this.addText(l,q+p.c);d.createShift(l,p.rfix/1000);return""}if(s[2]||!this.msieAccentBug||q.length){return q+p.c}d.createShift(l,s[3]/1000);d.createShift(l,(s[4]-s[3])/1000);this.addText(l,p.c);d.createShift(l,-s[4]/1000);return""},handleImg:function(l,k,p,o,m){return m},lookupChar:function(p,s){var o,k;if(!p.FONTS){var r=this.FONTDATA.FONTS;var q=(p.fonts||this.FONTDATA.VARIANT.normal.fonts);if(!(q instanceof Array)){q=[q]}if(p.fonts!=q){p.fonts=q}p.FONTS=[];for(o=0,k=q.length;o=0;n--){if(l.Ranges[n][2]==o){l.Ranges.splice(n,1)}}this.loadFont(l.directory+"/"+o+".js")}}}},loadFont:function(l){var k=MathJax.Callback.Queue();k.Push(["Require",h,this.fontDir+"/"+l]);if(this.imgFonts){if(!MathJax.isPacked){l=l.replace(/\/([^\/]*)$/,d.imgPacked+"/$1")}k.Push(["Require",h,this.webfontDir+"/png/"+l])}b.RestartAfter(k.Push({}))},loadWebFont:function(k){k.available=k.isWebFont=true;if(d.FontFaceBug){k.family=k.name;if(d.msieFontCSSBug){k.family+="-Web"}}b.RestartAfter(this.Font.loadWebFont(k))},loadWebFontError:function(l,k){b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - disable web fonts");l.isWebFont=false;if(this.config.imageFont&&this.config.imageFont===this.fontInUse){this.imgFonts=true;b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - switch to image fonts");b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - using image fonts");e(["WebFontNotAvailable","Web-Fonts not available -- using image fonts instead"],null,3000);h.Require(this.directory+"/imageFonts.js",k)}else{this.allowWebFonts=false;k()}},Element:MathJax.HTML.Element,addElement:MathJax.HTML.addElement,TextNode:MathJax.HTML.TextNode,addText:MathJax.HTML.addText,ucMatch:MathJax.HTML.ucMatch,BIGDIMEN:10000000,ID:0,idPostfix:"",GetID:function(){this.ID++;return this.ID},MATHSPACE:{veryverythinmathspace:1/18,verythinmathspace:2/18,thinmathspace:3/18,mediummathspace:4/18,thickmathspace:5/18,verythickmathspace:6/18,veryverythickmathspace:7/18,negativeveryverythinmathspace:-1/18,negativeverythinmathspace:-2/18,negativethinmathspace:-3/18,negativemediummathspace:-4/18,negativethickmathspace:-5/18,negativeverythickmathspace:-6/18,negativeveryverythickmathspace:-7/18},TeX:{x_height:0.430554,quad:1,num1:0.676508,num2:0.393732,num3:0.44373,denom1:0.685951,denom2:0.344841,sup1:0.412892,sup2:0.362892,sup3:0.288888,sub1:0.15,sub2:0.247217,sup_drop:0.386108,sub_drop:0.05,delim1:2.39,delim2:1,axis_height:0.25,rule_thickness:0.06,big_op_spacing1:0.111111,big_op_spacing2:0.166666,big_op_spacing3:0.2,big_op_spacing4:0.6,big_op_spacing5:0.1,scriptspace:0.1,nulldelimiterspace:0.12,delimiterfactor:901,delimitershortfall:0.1,min_rule_thickness:1.25},NBSP:"\u00A0",rfuzz:0});MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("mml Jax Ready",function(){g=MathJax.ElementJax.mml;g.mbase.Augment({toHTML:function(o){o=this.HTMLcreateSpan(o);if(this.type!="mrow"){o=this.HTMLhandleSize(o)}for(var l=0,k=this.data.length;ll.d){l.d=m.d}if(m.h>l.h){l.h=m.h}if(m.D!=null&&m.D>l.D){l.D=m.D}if(m.H!=null&&m.H>l.H){l.H=m.H}if(n.style.paddingLeft){l.w+=d.unEm(n.style.paddingLeft)*(n.scale||1)}if(l.w+m.lwl.rw){l.rw=l.w+m.rw}l.w+=m.w;if(n.style.paddingRight){l.w+=d.unEm(n.style.paddingRight)*(n.scale||1)}if(m.width){l.width=m.width;l.minWidth=m.minWidth}if(m.ic){l.ic=m.ic}else{delete l.ic}if(l.exactW&&!m.exactW){delete l.exactW}},HTMLemptyBBox:function(k){k.h=k.d=k.H=k.D=k.rw=-d.BIGDIMEN;k.w=0;k.lw=d.BIGDIMEN;return k},HTMLcleanBBox:function(k){if(k.h===this.BIGDIMEN){k.h=k.d=k.H=k.D=k.w=k.rw=k.lw=0}if(k.D<=k.d){delete k.D}if(k.H<=k.h){delete k.H}},HTMLzeroBBox:function(){return{h:0,d:0,w:0,lw:0,rw:0}},HTMLcanStretch:function(l){if(this.isEmbellished()){var k=this.Core();if(k&&k!==this){return k.HTMLcanStretch(l)}}return false},HTMLstretchH:function(l,k){return this.HTMLspanElement()},HTMLstretchV:function(l,k,m){return this.HTMLspanElement()},HTMLnotEmpty:function(k){while(k){if((k.type!=="mrow"&&k.type!=="texatom")||k.data.length>1){return true}k=k.data[0]}return false},HTMLmeasureChild:function(l,k){if(this.data[l]){d.Measured(this.data[l].toHTML(k),k)}else{k.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox()}},HTMLboxChild:function(l,k){if(!this.data[l]){this.SetData(l,g.mrow())}return this.data[l].toHTML(k)},HTMLcreateSpan:function(k){if(this.spanID){var l=this.HTMLspanElement();if(l&&(l.parentNode===k||(l.parentNode||{}).parentNode===k)){while(l.firstChild){l.removeChild(l.firstChild)}l.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox();l.scale=1;l.isMultChar=l.HH=null;l.style.cssText="";return l}}if(this.href){k=d.addElement(k,"a",{href:this.href,isMathJax:true})}k=d.addElement(k,"span",{className:this.type,isMathJax:true});if(d.imgHeightBug){k.style.display="inline-block"}if(this["class"]){k.className+=" "+this["class"]}if(!this.spanID){this.spanID=d.GetID()}k.id=(this.id||"MathJax-Span-"+this.spanID)+d.idPostfix;k.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox();this.styles={};if(this.style){k.style.cssText=this.style;if(k.style.fontSize){this.mathsize=k.style.fontSize;k.style.fontSize=""}this.styles={border:d.getBorders(k),padding:d.getPadding(k)};if(this.styles.border){k.style.border=""}if(this.styles.padding){k.style.padding=""}}if(this.href){k.parentNode.bbox=k.bbox}return k},HTMLspanElement:function(){if(!this.spanID){return null}return document.getElementById((this.id||"MathJax-Span-"+this.spanID)+d.idPostfix)},HTMLhandleVariant:function(l,k,m){d.handleVariant(l,k,m)},HTMLhandleSize:function(k){if(!k.scale){k.scale=this.HTMLgetScale();if(k.scale!==1){k.style.fontSize=d.Percent(k.scale)}}return k},HTMLhandleColor:function(w){var y=this.getValues("mathcolor","color");if(this.mathbackground){y.mathbackground=this.mathbackground}if(this.background){y.background=this.background}if(this.style&&w.style.backgroundColor){y.mathbackground=w.style.backgroundColor;w.style.backgroundColor="transparent"}var t=(this.styles||{}).border,v=(this.styles||{}).padding;if(y.color&&!this.mathcolor){y.mathcolor=y.color}if(y.background&&!this.mathbackground){y.mathbackground=y.background}if(y.mathcolor){w.style.color=y.mathcolor}if((y.mathbackground&&y.mathbackground!==g.COLOR.TRANSPARENT)||t||v){var A=w.bbox,z=(A.exact?0:1/d.em),u=0,s=0,m=w.style.paddingLeft,q=w.style.paddingRight;if(this.isToken){u=A.lw;s=A.rw-A.w}if(m!==""){u+=d.unEm(m)*(w.scale||1)}if(q!==""){s-=d.unEm(q)*(w.scale||1)}var l=(d.PaddingWidthBug||A.keepPadding||A.exactW?0:s-u);var o=Math.max(0,d.getW(w)+l);var x=A.h+A.d,k=-A.d,r=0,p=0;if(o>0){o+=2*z;u-=z}if(x>0){x+=2*z;k-=z}s=-o-u;if(t){s-=t.right;k-=t.bottom;r+=t.left;p+=t.right;A.h+=t.top;A.d+=t.bottom;A.w+=t.left+t.right;A.lw-=t.left;A.rw+=t.right}if(v){x+=v.top+v.bottom;o+=v.left+v.right;s-=v.right;k-=v.bottom;r+=v.left;p+=v.right;A.h+=v.top;A.d+=v.bottom;A.w+=v.left+v.right;A.lw-=v.left;A.rw+=v.right}if(p){w.style.paddingRight=d.Em(p)}var n=d.Element("span",{id:"MathJax-Color-"+this.spanID+d.idPostfix,isMathJax:true,style:{display:"inline-block",backgroundColor:y.mathbackground,width:d.Em(o),height:d.Em(x),verticalAlign:d.Em(k),marginLeft:d.Em(u),marginRight:d.Em(s)}});d.setBorders(n,t);if(A.width){n.style.width=A.width;n.style.marginRight="-"+A.width}if(d.msieInlineBlockAlignBug){n.style.position="relative";n.style.width=n.style.height=0;n.style.verticalAlign=n.style.marginLeft=n.style.marginRight="";n.style.border=n.style.padding="";if(t&&d.msieBorderWidthBug){x+=t.top+t.bottom;o+=t.left+t.right}n.style.width=d.Em(r+z);d.placeBox(d.addElement(n,"span",{noAdjust:true,isMathJax:true,style:{display:"inline-block",position:"absolute",overflow:"hidden",background:(y.mathbackground||"transparent"),width:d.Em(o),height:d.Em(x)}}),u,A.h+z);d.setBorders(n.firstChild,t)}w.parentNode.insertBefore(n,w);if(d.msieColorPositionBug){w.style.position="relative"}return n}return null},HTMLremoveColor:function(){var k=document.getElementById("MathJax-Color-"+this.spanID+d.idPostfix);if(k){k.parentNode.removeChild(k)}},HTMLhandleSpace:function(o){if(this.useMMLspacing){if(this.type!=="mo"){return}var m=this.getValues("scriptlevel","lspace","rspace");if(m.scriptlevel<=0||this.hasValue("lspace")||this.hasValue("rspace")){var l=this.HTMLgetMu(o);m.lspace=Math.max(0,d.length2em(m.lspace,l));m.rspace=Math.max(0,d.length2em(m.rspace,l));var k=this,n=this.Parent();while(n&&n.isEmbellished()&&n.Core()===k){k=n;n=n.Parent();o=k.HTMLspanElement()}if(m.lspace){o.style.paddingLeft=d.Em(m.lspace)}if(m.rspace){o.style.paddingRight=d.Em(m.rspace)}}}else{var p=this.texSpacing();if(p!==""){p=d.length2em(p,this.HTMLgetScale())/(o.scale||1);if(o.style.paddingLeft){p+=d.unEm(o.style.paddingLeft)}o.style.paddingLeft=d.Em(p)}}},HTMLgetScale:function(){var m=1,k=this.getValues("mathsize","scriptlevel","fontsize");if(this.style){var l=this.HTMLspanElement();if(l.style.fontSize!=""){k.fontsize=l.style.fontSize}}if(k.fontsize&&!this.mathsize){k.mathsize=k.fontsize}if(k.scriptlevel!==0){if(k.scriptlevel>2){k.scriptlevel=2}m=Math.pow(this.Get("scriptsizemultiplier"),k.scriptlevel);k.scriptminsize=d.length2em(this.Get("scriptminsize"));if(m2){l.scriptlevel=2}k=Math.sqrt(Math.pow(l.scriptsizemultiplier,l.scriptlevel))}return k},HTMLgetVariant:function(){var k=this.getValues("mathvariant","fontfamily","fontweight","fontstyle");k.hasVariant=this.Get("mathvariant",true);if(!k.hasVariant){k.family=k.fontfamily;k.weight=k.fontweight;k.style=k.fontstyle}if(this.style){var m=this.HTMLspanElement();if(!k.family&&m.style.fontFamily){k.family=m.style.fontFamily}if(!k.weight&&m.style.fontWeight){k.weight=m.style.fontWeight}if(!k.style&&m.style.fontStyle){k.style=m.style.fontStyle}}if(k.weight&&k.weight.match(/^\d+$/)){k.weight=(parseInt(k.weight)>600?"bold":"normal")}var l=k.mathvariant;if(this.variantForm){l="-"+d.fontInUse+"-variant"}if(k.family&&!k.hasVariant){if(!k.weight&&k.mathvariant.match(/bold/)){k.weight="bold"}if(!k.style&&k.mathvariant.match(/italic/)){k.style="italic"}return{FONTS:[],fonts:[],noRemap:true,defaultFont:{family:k.family,style:k.style,weight:k.weight}}}if(k.weight==="bold"){l={normal:g.VARIANT.BOLD,italic:g.VARIANT.BOLDITALIC,fraktur:g.VARIANT.BOLDFRAKTUR,script:g.VARIANT.BOLDSCRIPT,"sans-serif":g.VARIANT.BOLDSANSSERIF,"sans-serif-italic":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIFBOLDITALIC}[l]||l}else{if(k.weight==="normal"){l={bold:g.VARIANT.normal,"bold-italic":g.VARIANT.ITALIC,"bold-fraktur":g.VARIANT.FRAKTUR,"bold-script":g.VARIANT.SCRIPT,"bold-sans-serif":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIF,"sans-serif-bold-italic":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIFITALIC}[l]||l}}if(k.style==="italic"){l={normal:g.VARIANT.ITALIC,bold:g.VARIANT.BOLDITALIC,"sans-serif":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIFITALIC,"bold-sans-serif":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIFBOLDITALIC}[l]||l}else{if(k.style==="normal"){l={italic:g.VARIANT.NORMAL,"bold-italic":g.VARIANT.BOLD,"sans-serif-italic":g.VARIANT.SANSSERIF,"sans-serif-bold-italic":g.VARIANT.BOLDSANSSERIF}[l]||l}}if(!(l in d.FONTDATA.VARIANT)){l="normal"}return d.FONTDATA.VARIANT[l]}},{HTMLautoload:function(){var k=d.autoloadDir+"/"+this.type+".js";b.RestartAfter(h.Require(k))},HTMLautoloadFile:function(k){var l=d.autoloadDir+"/"+k+".js";b.RestartAfter(h.Require(l))},HTMLstretchH:function(l,k){this.HTMLremoveColor();return this.toHTML(l,k)},HTMLstretchV:function(l,k,m){this.HTMLremoveColor();return this.toHTML(l,k,m)}});g.chars.Augment({toHTML:function(n,m,l,o){var r=this.data.join("").replace(/[\u2061-\u2064]/g,"");if(l){r=l(r,o)}if(m.fontInherit){var q=Math.floor(100/d.scale+0.5)+"%";d.addElement(n,"span",{style:{"font-size":q}},[r]);if(m.bold){n.lastChild.style.fontWeight="bold"}if(m.italic){n.lastChild.style.fontStyle="italic"}var p=d.getHD(n),k=d.getW(n);n.bbox={h:p.h,d:p.d,w:k,lw:0,rw:k,exactW:true}}else{this.HTMLhandleVariant(n,m,r)}}});g.entity.Augment({toHTML:function(n,m,l,o){var r=this.toString().replace(/[\u2061-\u2064]/g,"");if(l){r=l(r,o)}if(m.fontInherit){var q=Math.floor(100/d.scale+0.5)+"%";d.addElement(n,"span",{style:{"font-size":q}},[r]);if(m.bold){n.lastChild.style.fontWeight="bold"}if(m.italic){n.lastChild.style.fontStyle="italic"}var p=d.getHD(n),k=d.getW(n);n.bbox={h:p.h,d:p.d,w:k,lw:0,rw:k,exactW:true}}else{this.HTMLhandleVariant(n,m,r)}}});g.mi.Augment({toHTML:function(o){o=this.HTMLhandleSize(this.HTMLcreateSpan(o));o.bbox=null;var n=this.HTMLgetVariant();for(var l=0,k=this.data.length;lp.w&&q.length===1&&!n.noIC){p.ic=p.rw-p.w;d.createBlank(o,p.ic);p.w=p.rw}this.HTMLhandleSpace(o);this.HTMLhandleColor(o);return o}});g.mn.Augment({toHTML:function(o){o=this.HTMLhandleSize(this.HTMLcreateSpan(o));o.bbox=null;var n=this.HTMLgetVariant();for(var l=0,k=this.data.length;lu.bbox.w){u.bbox.ic=u.bbox.rw-u.bbox.w;d.createBlank(u,u.bbox.ic);u.bbox.w=u.bbox.rw}}this.HTMLhandleSpace(u);this.HTMLhandleColor(u);return u},CoreParent:function(){var k=this;while(k&&k.isEmbellished()&&k.CoreMO()===this&&!k.isa(g.math)){k=k.Parent()}return k},CoreText:function(k){if(!k){return""}if(k.isEmbellished()){return k.CoreMO().data.join("")}while((k.isa(g.mrow)||k.isa(g.TeXAtom)||k.isa(g.mstyle)||k.isa(g.mphantom))&&k.data.length===1&&k.data[0]){k=k.data[0]}if(!k.isToken){return""}else{return k.data.join("")}},HTMLremapChars:{"*":"\u2217",'"':"\u2033","\u00B0":"\u2218","\u00B2":"2","\u00B3":"3","\u00B4":"\u2032","\u00B9":"1"},HTMLremap:function(l,k){l=l.replace(/-/g,"\u2212");if(k){l=l.replace(/'/g,"\u2032").replace(/`/g,"\u2035");if(l.length===1){l=k[l]||l}}return l},HTMLcanStretch:function(n){if(!this.Get("stretchy")){return false}var o=this.data.join("");if(o.length>1){return false}var l=this.CoreParent();if(l&&l.isa(g.munderover)&&this.CoreText(l.data[l.base]).length===1){var m=l.data[l.over],k=l.data[l.under];if(m&&this===m.CoreMO()&&l.Get("accent")){o=d.FONTDATA.REMAPACCENT[o]||o}else{if(k&&this===k.CoreMO()&&l.Get("accentunder")){o=d.FONTDATA.REMAPACCENTUNDER[o]||o}}}o=d.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[o.charCodeAt(0)];return(o&&o.dir==n.substr(0,1))},HTMLstretchV:function(m,n,o){this.HTMLremoveColor();var r=this.getValues("symmetric","maxsize","minsize");var p=this.HTMLspanElement(),s=this.HTMLgetMu(p),q;var k=d.TeX.axis_height,l=p.scale;if(r.symmetric){q=2*Math.max(n-k,o+k)}else{q=n+o}r.maxsize=d.length2em(r.maxsize,s,p.bbox.h+p.bbox.d);r.minsize=d.length2em(r.minsize,s,p.bbox.h+p.bbox.d);q=Math.max(r.minsize,Math.min(r.maxsize,q));p=this.HTMLcreateSpan(m);d.createDelimiter(p,this.data.join("").charCodeAt(0),q,l);if(r.symmetric){q=(p.bbox.h+p.bbox.d)/2+k}else{q=(p.bbox.h+p.bbox.d)*n/(n+o)}d.positionDelimiter(p,q);this.HTMLhandleSpace(p);this.HTMLhandleColor(p);return p},HTMLstretchH:function(o,k){this.HTMLremoveColor();var m=this.getValues("maxsize","minsize","mathvariant","fontweight");if((m.fontweight==="bold"||parseInt(m.fontweight)>=600)&&!this.Get("mathvariant",true)){m.mathvariant=g.VARIANT.BOLD}var n=this.HTMLspanElement(),l=this.HTMLgetMu(n),p=n.scale;m.maxsize=d.length2em(m.maxsize,l,n.bbox.w);m.minsize=d.length2em(m.minsize,l,n.bbox.w);k=Math.max(m.minsize,Math.min(m.maxsize,k));n=this.HTMLcreateSpan(o);d.createDelimiter(n,this.data.join("").charCodeAt(0),k,p,m.mathvariant);this.HTMLhandleSpace(n);this.HTMLhandleColor(n);return n}});g.mtext.Augment({toHTML:function(o){o=this.HTMLhandleSize(this.HTMLcreateSpan(o));var n=this.HTMLgetVariant();if(d.config.mtextFontInherit||this.Parent().type==="merror"){n={bold:n.bold,italic:n.italic,fontInherit:true}}for(var l=0,k=this.data.length;ld.linebreakWidth)||this.hasNewline()},HTMLstretchH:function(m,k){this.HTMLremoveColor();var l=this.HTMLspanElement();this.data[this.core].HTMLstretchH(l,k);this.HTMLcomputeBBox(l,true);this.HTMLhandleColor(l);return l},HTMLstretchV:function(m,l,n){this.HTMLremoveColor();var k=this.HTMLspanElement();this.data[this.core].HTMLstretchV(k,l,n);this.HTMLcomputeBBox(k,true);this.HTMLhandleColor(k);return k}});g.mstyle.Augment({toHTML:function(l,k,m){l=this.HTMLcreateSpan(l);if(this.data[0]!=null){var n=this.data[0].toHTML(l);if(m!=null){this.data[0].HTMLstretchV(l,k,m)}else{if(k!=null){this.data[0].HTMLstretchH(l,k)}}l.bbox=n.bbox}this.HTMLhandleSpace(l);this.HTMLhandleColor(l);return l},HTMLstretchH:g.mbase.HTMLstretchH,HTMLstretchV:g.mbase.HTMLstretchV});g.mfrac.Augment({toHTML:function(D){D=this.HTMLcreateSpan(D);var m=d.createStack(D);var r=d.createBox(m),o=d.createBox(m);d.MeasureSpans([this.HTMLboxChild(0,r),this.HTMLboxChild(1,o)]);var k=this.getValues("displaystyle","linethickness","numalign","denomalign","bevelled");var I=this.HTMLgetScale(),C=k.displaystyle;var G=d.TeX.axis_height*I;if(k.bevelled){var F=(C?0.4:0.15);var s=Math.max(r.bbox.h+r.bbox.d,o.bbox.h+o.bbox.d)+2*F;var E=d.createBox(m);d.createDelimiter(E,47,s);d.placeBox(r,0,(r.bbox.d-r.bbox.h)/2+G+F);d.placeBox(E,r.bbox.w-F/2,(E.bbox.d-E.bbox.h)/2+G);d.placeBox(o,r.bbox.w+E.bbox.w-F,(o.bbox.d-o.bbox.h)/2+G-F)}else{var l=Math.max(r.bbox.w,o.bbox.w);var y=d.thickness2em(k.linethickness,I),A,z,x,w;var B=d.TeX.min_rule_thickness/this.em;if(C){x=d.TeX.num1;w=d.TeX.denom1}else{x=(y===0?d.TeX.num3:d.TeX.num2);w=d.TeX.denom2}x*=I;w*=I;if(y===0){A=Math.max((C?7:3)*d.TeX.rule_thickness,2*B);z=(x-r.bbox.d)-(o.bbox.h-w);if(zy){l=((s.bbox.h+s.bbox.d)-(y-A))/2}var B=d.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[d.FONTDATA.RULECHAR];if(!B||oK){K=r[M].bbox.w}if(!N[M]&&K>n){n=K}}}if(F==null&&H!=null){n=H}else{if(n==-d.BIGDIMEN){n=K}}for(M=K=0,I=this.data.length;MK){K=w.bbox.w}}}var E=d.TeX.rule_thickness,G=d.FONTDATA.TeX_factor;var p=r[this.base]||{bbox:this.HTMLzeroBBox()};var v,s,A,z,u,C,J,O=0;if(p.bbox.ic){O=1.3*p.bbox.ic+0.05}for(M=0,I=this.data.length;M0){z+=F;y-=F}}d.placeBox(k,o.bbox.w+M,Math.max(z,J.superscriptshift));d.placeBox(x,o.bbox.w,-Math.max(y,J.subscriptshift))}}this.HTMLhandleSpace(K);this.HTMLhandleColor(K);return K},HTMLstretchH:g.mbase.HTMLstretchH,HTMLstretchV:g.mbase.HTMLstretchV});g.mmultiscripts.Augment({toHTML:g.mbase.HTMLautoload});g.mtable.Augment({toHTML:g.mbase.HTMLautoload});g["annotation-xml"].Augment({toHTML:g.mbase.HTMLautoload});g.math.Augment({toHTML:function(u,l){var r=this.Get("alttext");if(r&&r!==""){l.setAttribute("aria-label",r)}var m=d.addElement(u,"nobr",{isMathJax:true});u=this.HTMLcreateSpan(m);var s=d.createStack(u),n=d.createBox(s),t;s.style.fontSize=m.parentNode.style.fontSize;m.parentNode.style.fontSize="";if(this.data[0]!=null){if(d.msieColorBug){if(this.background){this.data[0].background=this.background;delete this.background}if(this.mathbackground){this.data[0].mathbackground=this.mathbackground;delete this.mathbackground}}g.mbase.prototype.displayAlign=b.config.displayAlign;g.mbase.prototype.displayIndent=b.config.displayIndent;var o=this.data[0].toHTML(n);o.bbox.exactW=false;t=d.Measured(o,n)}d.placeBox(n,0,0);u.style.width=d.Em((Math.round(t.bbox.w*this.em)+0.25)/d.outerEm);u.style.display="inline-block";var k=1/d.em,q=d.em/d.outerEm;d.em/=q;u.bbox.h*=q;u.bbox.d*=q;u.bbox.w*=q;u.bbox.lw*=q;u.bbox.rw*=q;if(t&&t.bbox.width!=null){u.style.minWidth=(t.bbox.minWidth||u.style.width);u.style.width=s.style.width=t.bbox.width;n.style.width="100%"}this.HTMLhandleColor(u);if(t){d.createRule(u,(t.bbox.h+k)*q,(t.bbox.d+k)*q,0)}if(!this.isMultiline&&this.Get("display")==="block"&&u.bbox.width==null){var v=this.getValues("indentalignfirst","indentshiftfirst","indentalign","indentshift");if(v.indentalignfirst!==g.INDENTALIGN.INDENTALIGN){v.indentalign=v.indentalignfirst}if(v.indentalign===g.INDENTALIGN.AUTO){v.indentalign=this.displayAlign}l.style.textAlign=v.indentalign;if(v.indentshiftfirst!==g.INDENTSHIFT.INDENTSHIFT){v.indentshift=v.indentshiftfirst}if(v.indentshift==="auto"){v.indentshift=this.displayIndent}if(v.indentshift&&v.indentalign!==g.INDENTALIGN.CENTER){u.style[{left:"marginLeft",right:"marginRight"}[v.indentalign]]=d.Em(d.length2em(v.indentshift))}}return u},HTMLspanElement:g.mbase.prototype.HTMLspanElement});g.TeXAtom.Augment({toHTML:function(l){l=this.HTMLcreateSpan(l);if(this.data[0]!=null){if(this.texClass===g.TEXCLASS.VCENTER){var k=d.createStack(l);var m=d.createBox(k);d.Measured(this.data[0].toHTML(m),m);d.placeBox(m,0,d.TeX.axis_height-(m.bbox.h+m.bbox.d)/2+m.bbox.d)}else{l.bbox=this.data[0].toHTML(l).bbox}}this.HTMLhandleSpace(l);this.HTMLhandleColor(l);return l}});MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("onLoad",function(){setTimeout(MathJax.Callback(["loadComplete",d,"jax.js"]),0)})});b.Register.StartupHook("End Config",function(){b.Browser.Select({MSIE:function(k){var o=(document.documentMode||0);var n=k.versionAtLeast("7.0");var m=k.versionAtLeast("8.0")&&o>7;var l=(document.compatMode==="BackCompat");if(o<9){d.config.styles[".MathJax .MathJax_HitBox"]["background-color"]="white";d.config.styles[".MathJax .MathJax_HitBox"].opacity=0;d.config.styles[".MathJax .MathJax_HitBox"].filter="alpha(opacity=0)"}d.Augment({PaddingWidthBug:true,msieAccentBug:true,msieColorBug:true,msieColorPositionBug:true,msieRelativeWidthBug:l,msieDisappearingBug:(o>=8),msieMarginScaleBug:(o<8),msiePaddingWidthBug:true,msieBorderWidthBug:l,msieFrameSizeBug:(o<=8),msieInlineBlockAlignBug:(!m||l),msiePlaceBoxBug:(m&&!l),msieClipRectBug:!m,msieNegativeSpaceBug:l,cloneNodeBug:(m&&k.version==="8.0"),initialSkipBug:(o<8),msieNegativeBBoxBug:(o>=8),msieIE6:!n,msieItalicWidthBug:true,FontFaceBug:true,msieFontCSSBug:k.isIE9,allowWebFonts:(o>=9?"woff":"eot")})},Firefox:function(l){var m=false;if(l.versionAtLeast("3.5")){var k=String(document.location).replace(/[^\/]*$/,"");if(document.location.protocol!=="file:"||b.config.root.match(/^https?:\/\//)||(b.config.root+"/").substr(0,k.length)===k){m="otf"}}d.Augment({ffVerticalAlignBug:true,AccentBug:true,allowWebFonts:m})},Safari:function(p){var n=p.versionAtLeast("3.0");var m=p.versionAtLeast("3.1");var k=navigator.appVersion.match(/ Safari\/\d/)&&navigator.appVersion.match(/ Version\/\d/)&&navigator.vendor.match(/Apple/);var l=(navigator.appVersion.match(/ Android (\d+)\.(\d+)/));var q=(m&&p.isMobile&&((navigator.platform.match(/iPad|iPod|iPhone/)&&!p.versionAtLeast("5.0"))||(l!=null&&(l[1]<2||(l[1]==2&&l[2]<2)))));d.Augment({config:{styles:{".MathJax img, .MathJax nobr, .MathJax a":{"max-width":"5000em","max-height":"5000em"}}},rfuzz:0.011,AccentBug:true,AdjustSurd:true,negativeBBoxes:true,safariNegativeSpaceBug:true,safariVerticalAlignBug:!m,safariTextNodeBug:!n,forceReflow:true,allowWebFonts:(m&&!q?"otf":false)});if(k){d.Augment({webFontDefault:(p.isMobile?"sans-serif":"serif")})}if(p.isPC){d.Augment({adjustAvailableFonts:d.removeSTIXfonts,checkWebFontsTwice:true})}if(q){var o=b.config["HTML-CSS"];if(o){o.availableFonts=[];o.preferredFont=null}else{b.config["HTML-CSS"]={availableFonts:[],preferredFont:null}}}},Chrome:function(k){d.Augment({Em:d.EmRounded,cloneNodeBug:true,rfuzz:0.011,AccentBug:true,AdjustSurd:true,negativeBBoxes:true,safariNegativeSpaceBug:true,safariWebFontSerif:[""],forceReflow:true,allowWebFonts:(k.versionAtLeast("4.0")?"otf":"svg")})},Opera:function(k){k.isMini=(navigator.appVersion.match("Opera Mini")!=null);d.config.styles[".MathJax .merror"]["vertical-align"]=null;d.config.styles[".MathJax span"]["z-index"]=0;d.Augment({operaHeightBug:true,operaVerticalAlignBug:true,operaFontSizeBug:k.versionAtLeast("10.61"),initialSkipBug:true,FontFaceBug:true,PaddingWidthBug:true,allowWebFonts:(k.versionAtLeast("10.0")&&!k.isMini?"otf":false),adjustAvailableFonts:d.removeSTIXfonts})},Konqueror:function(k){d.Augment({konquerorVerticalAlignBug:true})}})});MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End Cookie",function(){if(b.config.menuSettings.zoom!=="None"){h.Require("[MathJax]/extensions/MathZoom.js")}})})(MathJax.Ajax,MathJax.Hub,MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"]);
MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("HTML-CSS Jax Ready",function(){var c="2.2.1";var a=MathJax.ElementJax.mml,b=MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"];a.mtable.Augment({toHTML:function(t){t=this.HTMLcreateSpan(t);if(this.data.length===0){return t}var K=this.getValues("columnalign","rowalign","columnspacing","rowspacing","columnwidth","equalcolumns","equalrows","columnlines","rowlines","frame","framespacing","align","useHeight","width","side","minlabelspacing");var aJ=K.width.match(/%$/);var ay=b.createStack(t);var aG=this.HTMLgetScale(),aA=this.HTMLgetMu(t),aB=-1;var aq=[],au=[],ak=[],aw=[],av=[],af,ae,ap=-1,ad,ao,Z,aF,R,aC,aO=[];var al=b.FONTDATA.baselineskip*aG*K.useHeight,aT,I=b.FONTDATA.lineH*aG,O=b.FONTDATA.lineD*aG;for(af=0,ad=this.data.length;afap){ap=ae}av[ae]=b.createStack(b.createBox(ay));ak[ae]=-b.BIGDIMEN}aw[af][ae]=b.createBox(av[ae]);aO.push(aF.data[ae-Z].toHTML(aw[af][ae]))}}b.MeasureSpans(aO);for(af=0,ad=this.data.length;afaq[af]){aq[af]=aS*aL.h/aT}if(aS*aL.d/aT>au[af]){au[af]=aS*aL.d/aT}}}else{if(aC.HTMLcanStretch("Horizontal")){aS=b.length2em(aS,aA,aL.w);if(aS>ak[ae]){ak[ae]=aS}}}}}if(aw[af][ae].bbox.h>aq[af]){aq[af]=aw[af][ae].bbox.h}if(aw[af][ae].bbox.d>au[af]){au[af]=aw[af][ae].bbox.d}if(aw[af][ae].bbox.w>ak[ae]){ak[ae]=aw[af][ae].bbox.w}}}if(aq[0]+au[0]){aq[0]=Math.max(aq[0],I)}if(aq[aw.length-1]+au[aw.length-1]){au[aw.length-1]=Math.max(au[aw.length-1],O)}var aE=MathJax.Hub.SplitList;var az=aE(K.columnspacing),aQ=aE(K.rowspacing),e=aE(K.columnalign),E=aE(K.rowalign),d=aE(K.columnlines),z=aE(K.rowlines),aM=aE(K.columnwidth),V=[];for(af=0,ad=az.length;afaw.length){ab=aw.length}}aj=0;aU=-(aT+aH)+aq[0];for(af=0,ad=ab-1;af0.98){S=0.98/ag;ag=0.98}}else{if(K.width==="auto"){if(ag>0.98){S=L/(B+L);ac=B+L}else{ac=B/(1-ag)}}else{ac=b.length2em(K.width,aA);for(af=0,ad=Math.min(ap+1,az.length);af0.01){if(ah&&ac>B){ac=(ac-B)/ah;for(af=0,ad=at.length;af